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Clinical Psychiatry News - Desyrel label warns of drug interactions

admin — Mon, 05 Jan 2009 00:31:02 +0000

New labeling for Desyrel (trazodone hydrochloride) alerts health care professionals to potential drug interactions with ketoconazole, ritonavir, and indinavir.
Changes to the clinical pharmacology section of the label note that trazodone–indicated for the treatment of depression–is a substrate of the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme and that trazodone metabolism can be inhibited by the CYP3A4 inhibitors ketoconazole, ritonavir, and indinavir. The CYP3A4 inhibitors likely lead to substantial increases in trazodone plasma concentrations with the potential for adverse effects. If trazodone is used with a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, a lower dose of trazodone should be considered. The new precautions reflect the findings of in vitro metabolism studies.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Zaleplon overdose associated with sleepwalking and complex behavior.(Letters to the Editor)(Letter to the Editor)

admin — Wed, 31 Dec 2008 07:06:02 +0000

To the Editor:
Zaleplon is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic with a short half-life, established efficacy, and a reportedly benign side effect profile (Israel and Kramer, 2002). We report the case of an adolescent who developed an episode of sleepwalking with potentially dangerous complex behavior after an overdose of zaleplon.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Hallucinations associated with initiation of guanfacine.(Letters to the Editor)(Letter to the Editor)

admin — Wed, 24 Dec 2008 19:26:05 +0000

To the Editor:

Trazodone Side Effects Insomnia- What You Should Know Before You Use It For Insomnia Treatment

admin — Sun, 21 Dec 2008 04:36:02 +0000

One of the many reasons for insomnia is due to depression that occurs in individuals as a result of physical, mental and emotional stress. Often, the use of antidepressant drugs are used for depression and one of the most common side effects of antidepressant drugs is sedation or inducing sleep. In this regard, one can overcome the problem of sleeplessness by treating insomnia with these medicines. One such medicine that is being increasingly used in the recent times against insomnia is Trazodone. Let us now take a closer look at Trazodone side effects insomnia.
Description of Trazodone:
Trazodone hydrochloride is the generic name of Desyrel, a drug that has been approved by the USFDA for treating symptoms related to major depressive disorders. Trazodone is primarily a psychoactive antidepressant compound with sedative and anxiolytic properties and belongs to a distinct class of compounds called triazolopyridine derivatives.
Mechanism of Action:
Trazodone is distinctly different from normal tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressant compounds. The primary pharmacological role of Trazodone inside the body is to act as an antagonistic to serotonin receptors present on the neurons, thereby partially inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, an important neurotransmitter that transmits signals between neurons and the brain. Serotonin is also an important regulator of the body’s circadian rhythms. Inhibition of serotonin reuptake into neurons increases the concentration of the chemical messenger in the blood, thereby acting as a natural sleep pill and inducing sleep.
Trazodone and Insomnia:
Now, a drug that activates the natural sleep mechanism of the body can be considered as an effective insomnia treatment. Chemical imbalance in the brain, anxiety and depression are major causes of insomnia or sleeplessness. Trazodone alters the concentrations of other chemicals in the brain, thereby resulting in chemical balance. This helps in stabilizing the brain and relieves symptoms of depression, including insomnia.
Trazodone side effects Insomnia:
Even though Trazodone is effective in treating insomnia, it is not prescribed by doctors due to its side effects that can range from mild to severe and vary from individual to individual. Common side effects associated with Trazodone can be broadly categorized into:
Behavioral side effects: These include drowsiness, fatigue, lethargy, nausea, nervousness, vomiting, dizziness, confusion and troubled concentration.
Cardiovascular side effects: Hypertension, tachycardia, shortness of breath, arrhythmias, bradycardia, myocardial infraction, atrial fibrillation, apnea and cardiac arrest.
Neurological side effects: Some examples are seizures, headache, ataxia, migraine, impaired speech and involuntary movements.
Autonomic side effects: These include nasal congestion, constipation, diarrhea, blurred vision, excessive sweating, incontinence and increased urge to urinate.

Trazodone is a drug that should be used to only treat chronic cases of insomnia and only when it occurs as a part of major depressive disorder. In any other situation, the use of Trazodone for insomnia treatment can be extremely dangerous and life-threatening. In fact, due to this frightening and exhaustive list of side effects, even the FDA has not approved Trazodone for treating insomnia. If you are planning on taking or are taking Trazodone remember the issues of Trazodone side effects in depression and be sure you obtain from your doctor information on how to use the drug and required preventive measures.

Rx Generic Paxil Paroxetine Drug Information

admin — Thu, 18 Dec 2008 17:46:02 +0000

Generic Paxil Paroxetine is used for:
Treating depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), generalized and social anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and panic disorders with or without the fear of being in open or public places. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Generic Paxil Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances in the brain, which help to elevate moods.
Do NOT use Generic Paxil Paroxetine if:
you are allergic to any ingredient in Paroxetine
you are currently taking a phenothiazine (eg, thioridazine) or have taken a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor (eg, phenelzine) within the last 14 days
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Before using Rx Generic Paxil Paroxetine :
Some medical conditions may interact with Paroxetine. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
if you have a history of seizures or mania, have thoughts of suicide, or have attempted suicide
if you have severe liver or kidney disease, an illness that alters your metabolism or blood circulation response, or have had gastrointestinal bleeding
if you have a history of narrow-angle glaucoma
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Paroxetine. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
Cyproheptadine, risperidone, or sumatriptan because the effectiveness of Paroxetine may be decreased.
Anorexiants (eg, phentermine), dextromethorphan, fenfluramine and its derivatives, l-tryptophan, MAO inhibitors (eg, phenelzine), selegiline, St. John’s wort, tramadol, beta-blockers (eg, metoprolol), buspirone, butyrophenones (eg, haloperidol), cimetidine, clonazepam, linezolid, lithium, metoclopramide, nefazodone, sibutramine, sumatriptan, trazodone, or zolpidem because side effects such as serotonin syndrome and central nervous system toxicity may occur.
Astemizole, dextromethorphan, phenothiazines (eg, thioridazine), St. John’s wort, terfenadine, tramadol, anticholinergics (eg, oxybutynin, scopolamine), anticoagulants (eg, warfarin), aripiprazole, beta-blockers (eg, metoprolol), butyrophenones (eg, haloperidol), clozapine, galantamine, H1 antagonists (eg, diphenhydramine), molindone, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (eg, atomoxetine), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) (eg, ibuprofen), pimozide, propafenone, risperidone, selegiline, trazodone, or tricyclic antidepressants (eg, amitriptyline) because side effects associated with these medicines may be increased by Paroxetine
Atypical antipsychotics (eg, risperidone), because the risk of thromboembolic events (clots) may be increased
Barbiturate anesthetics (eg, thiopental) used for anesthesia during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) because the risk of spontaneous seizure is increased
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Paroxetine may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
How to use Generic Paxil Paroxetine :
Use Paroxetine as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Generic Paxil Paroxetine comes with an additional patient information sheet called a Medication Guide. Read it carefully and reread it each time you get Paroxetine refilled.
Paroxetine may be taken on an empty stomach or with food.
Paroxetine is usually taken in the morning.
Symptoms usually improve within 1 to 4 weeks. Continue taking your medicine even though you feel better.
If you miss a dose of Paroxetine and you are taking it in the morning, take it during the afternoon if you remember. If you do not remember until the next morning, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. If you miss a dose and you are taking one dose daily at bedtime and do not remember until the next day, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once. If you miss more than one dose, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Paroxetine.
Important safety information:
Generic Paxil Paroxetine may cause drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, or lightheadedness. Do not drive, operate machinery, or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how you react to Paroxetine. Using Paroxetine alone, with certain other medicines, or with alcohol may lessen your ability to drive or perform other potentially dangerous tasks.
Do NOT suddenly stop taking Generic Paxil Paroxetine. Suddenly stopping Generic Paxil Paroxetine may cause irritability, a state of feeling unwell or unhappy, agitation, dizziness, electric shock sensations, anxiety confusion, headache, lack of energy, mood swings, inability to sleep, or mild mania. If therapy is to be discontinued, it should be gradually decreased.
Antidepressants can increase suicidal thoughts and actions in some children and teenagers, and possibly adults. This risk may be higher in individuals with bipolar illness (also called manic-depressive illness), a family history of bipolar illness, or a history of attempting suicide. Pay close attention to changes in moods or actions, especially if changes occur suddenly. Contact your health care provider right away if any of the following effects occur or worsen: depression, anxiety, restlessness or irritability, panic attacks, thoughts or attempts of suicide, or other unusual changes in behavior or mood.
Avoid drinking alcohol while taking Paxil Paroxetine.
Additional monitoring of your condition is recommended at the start of treatment with Paroxetine and whenever a change to your dose is made.
LAB TESTS, including liver function, kidney function, and complete blood cell counts, may be performed to monitor your progress or to check for side effects. Be sure to keep your appointments.
Paroxetine is not recommended for use in CHILDREN. Safety and effectiveness have not been confirmed.
If you experience a prolonged or painful erection, stop using Paroxetine , and seek immediate medical attention or permanent problems can occur.
PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: Paxil Paroxetine may cause harm to the fetus. If you think you may be pregnant, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Paroxetine during pregnancy. Paroxetine is excreted in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you are using Paroxetine , check with your doctor or pharmacist to discuss the risks to your baby.
Possible side effects of Paroxetine :
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Abnormal dreams; abnormal ejaculation; abnormal skin sensations; agitation; anxiety; back pain; blurred vision; constipation; decreased appetite; decreased sex drive; diarrhea; difficulty concentrating; difficulty reaching climax/orgasm; dizziness; drowsiness; dry mouth; fatigue; female genital disorders; flushing; gas; headache; impotence; inability to sleep; infection (fever, chills, sore throat); inflamed sinuses; light-headedness; muscle pain; muscle twitch; nausea; nervousness; painful period; rash; runny nose; sleepiness; sore throat; stomach pain; sweating; temporary loss of personal reality; urinary frequency; urination disorder; vomiting; weakness; yawning.
Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); abnormal bleeding; breathing problems; chest pain; extreme mood swings; heart problems; pounding in the chest; prolonged, painful erection; thoughts of hurting yourself; tremors; unusual bleeding or bruising; worsening of mood or mental state; seizures; worsening of depression.
What is the shelf life of the pills?
The expiry date is mentioned on each blister. It is different for different batches. The shelf life is 2 years from the date of manufacture and would differ from batch to batch depending on when they were manufactured.

Some Things About the Fibromyalgia Syndrome

admin — Mon, 15 Dec 2008 11:06:02 +0000

There are a few events that can determine the apparition of the fibromyalgia syndrome. For example, an automobile accident, a viral or bacterial infection, or a disorder like lupus, hypothyroidism, or rheumatoid arthritis. It is not sure if these factors really lead to fibromyalgia syndrome, but there is a great chance that they will awaken an underlying physiological abnormality that already exists.

In order to find out what exactly this abnormality is, there are being made investigations that concern the hormonal irregularities, immune system function, the pain-related chemical transmitters, especially some alterations are searched.

There are modern brain imaging techniques that explore various aspects of brain function. Also, it is being evaluated the bodys response to stress and exercise, and alterations in the operation of the autonomic nervous system.

It was discovered that in the spinal fluid of people having fibromyalgia syndrome, substance P is increased threefold, and nerve growth factor is increased fourfold, and the scientists are working to find out why this situation exists.

It is known that deep level sleep is important for many body functions, for example for antibody production, tissue repair, the regulation of various neurotransmitters, hormones and immune system chemicals.

Sleep disorders are a fact that often appears in fibromyalgia syndrome patients. It is very important that the sleep disorders to be treated first, because they can contribute to the symptoms of the fibromyalgia syndrome. There can be prescribed medications that increase the level of serotonin and norepinephrine. Usually, these medications are prescribed in low doses, and we can mention here cyclobenzaprine, amitriptyline and Cymbalta.

Medications that are used to aid sleep are: clonazepam, trazodone, Ambien, and Lunesta.

Other medications, such as Ultram are being used to treat the pain, and in moderate and severe cases, stronger opioids may be needed.

There can be also prescribed muscle relaxants, anti-epileptics like Lyrica and Neurotin, and other drugs categories too.

Also, many patients will have to follow other treatment methods too, like acupuncture, acupressure, trigger point injections with lidocaine, chiropractic care, therapeutic massage, physical therapy, occupational therapy, or a gentle exercise program.

There were made long-term studies, that followed the fibromyalgia syndrome evolution. It was revealed that this disease is chronic, but its symptoms may vary, they may sometimes rise, and sometimes decrease. The fibromyalgia syndrome has different impact among patients, it affects them differently. This syndrome can affect the daily living activities, and here we must also mention that it can affect ability to work a full-time job.

In conclusion, we may say that fibromyalgia syndrome can produce harm just as rheumatoid arthritis, can affect patients differently, and first, it is necessary a treatment to improve the quality of sleep and to release the pain

For more resources on fibromyalgia and espcially about fibromyalgia treatment please visit this link http://www.fibromyalgia-info-center.com/fibromyalgia-treatment.htm

Journal of Family Practice - Case 4: challenges of fragmented care long-term management of pelvic pain

admin — Tue, 09 Dec 2008 08:36:03 +0000

Presentation of the case: P.J. is a 28-year-old G0 who first visited the family medicine clinic 3 years ago to establish care after relocating to a new geographic area. She also sought consultation regarding a current diagnosis of endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. She had a history of stage I-II endometriosis for which she had undergone 3 laparoscopies, the last one a year ago when a right ovarian cyst was drained. P.J. continued to have daily pain (6/10 on a pain scale) located in her abdomen and back that required emergency department (ED) visits. She experiences significant dyspareunia, is unable to use vaginal tampons, and is anorgasmic.

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Her current medications include oral contraceptives (for pelvic pain); hydrocodone and acetaminophen daily; gabapentin, 300 mg bid; ibuprofen, 200 mg, up to 6 times daily; venlafaxine, 75 mg hs, for insomnia; and pamelor, 75 mg hs, for depression. Her mother and 2 sisters all have histories of endometriosis. Frequent back pain radiating down her leg results from a 10year-old spinal cord injury. Depression persists. She denies a history of narcotic dependence.
Examination: Examination reveals significant mid and lower right and left quadrant myofascial restrictions, and significant pelvic spasms throughout the vaginal wall. No pelvic masses are found, but there is significant spasm of the anterior portion of the rectovaginal region. No vaginal nodularity is noted. Her uterus is small, anteverted, and nontender. Adnexa are nontender without masses.
History: The patient has had extreme dysmenorrhea since menarche at age 14. Taking conjugated estrogen and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists has not alleviated her symptoms Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 was diagnosed 3 years ago, and follow-up cervical cytology a year ago showed low-grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). P.J. has no history of sexually transmitted infections or pelvic inflammatory disease.
Course of treatment: Physical therapy is recommended for the pelvic floor spasm, and acetaminophen with codeine is prescribed for pain.
When P.J. is seen for colposcopy 3 months later, her hydrocodone and acetaminophen prescription is refilled because of intolerance to acetaminophen and codeine. Colposcopy is normal, but cytology returns a LSIL. She has not initiated physical therapy, although subsequently she does so. She is referred for participation in a study of endometriosis-associated pain but does not meet inclusion criteria. During a subsequent 3-month visit, P.J. reports “excruciating pain,” and she returns to the pain clinic. At this time, she is taking trazodone, 50 mg hs; gabapentin, 2700 mg qd; oral contraceptives; and rosiglitazone, 4 mg qd. She had obtained a prescription for oxycodone, which is refilled, and acetaminophen is added.
Unable to obtain pain relief, with pain at 7/10, a fourth laparoscopy is performed, and a levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is placed. Lysis of adhesions on the posterior aspect of the uterus and of the rectosigmoid and excision of an endometriosis implant in the cul-de-sac are performed. Final histologic study reveals endometriosis. At P.J.’s first postoperative visit, her pain is 10/10, despite her pain medications. (The IUD is later removed because of irregular bleeding.)
Over the next 2 years, she is referred for pain management and narcotic withdrawal, but her chronic pain continues unabated at levels of 10/10 on pain scales. Discussion reveals that she has 4 physicians: a gynecologist who is managing pelvic pain; another gynecologist in the region; a rheumatologist, although she has no history of rheumatologic disorders; and a psychiatrist. A request is submitted to the state automated prescription system to obtain the history of her narcotic prescriptions over the past year. Presented with evidence of having filled 53 different narcotic prescriptions in 1 year, P.J. admits to addictive drug behavior. She is encouraged to go directly to rehabilitation but does not agree to this.
Discussion: This case illustrates the potential for fragmentation of care and underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of chronic pelvic pain. Mareta et al demonstrated that results obtained from this approach can be longer-lasting than those obtained by an individual practitioner.
The primary care practitioner to whom patients often present initially for chronic pelvic pain can introduce patients to consultants and help ensure that they not feel abandoned as “too challenging.” Within this multidisciplinary approach, the patient can understand that the objective is not cure of endometriosis or other pain-causing condition but that of control and management of pain. Clearly, for this patient, opioid management should have been monitored by 1 provider, who would be in charge of enforcing an opioid contract with the patient, see her before each prescription is refilled, and provide medications only in small quantities. Further, refills will not be given if the medication is “lost,” and the patient must agree to alternative strategies for managing her pain.

Diavad Review: Diavad is the Safest and Most Effective of the Sedatives

admin — Tue, 02 Dec 2008 20:56:03 +0000

Although there are many drugs and methods of treatment for sleeplessness or insomnia, Diavad seems to be the overall best treatment method available today. Of course, grandmas old solution of warm milk right before bed has always had that special quality to it that makes us smile. Still, let’s be serious. When you have a big presentation the next day and you are tossing and turning, grandma’s milk isn’t really going to work. Diavad, on the other hand, has a great effect and is completely safe as an occasional method for relieving sleeplessness.
If we are going to be fair about the problem of insomnia, we must definitely consider the fact that there may be underlying psychological problems that are causing this in people. In fact, research has proven a cognitive behavior therapy to help patients who suffer from this over long periods of time. People need to learn long term sleep habits rather than just taking drugs alone. Nevertheless, for people who want to get a head start on the problem as they begin to look into other therapies, Diavad can provide instant relief and is extremely safe.
Other antidepressants and drugs are not as safe as Diavad. One such drug is mirtazapine and another one is trazodone. These drugs, as well as doxepin, will definitely give you a sedative result but they can also change your sleep habits in such a way that make the long term problems to your sleep even greater. This is because they contain antihistaminergic and other antiadrenergic elements not contained in Diavad. These elements often lead to negative side effects that can create even more problems than solutions.
Some people turn to alcohol as a habit of helping them to fall asleep at night. This may seem to be working quite well but the person may not realize that they are losing the better quality of sleep that comes from Diavad. . These people may find themselves waking up in the middle of the night and being incapable of going back to sleep. They may also be less alert in the morning and suffer from a hangover the next day.
Finally, other traditional methods besides just warm milk have included a warm bath or vigorous exercise right before bed. If these methods work, they are certainly preferred but oftentimes they do not put the person to sleep or are not practical for certain living arrangements. Diavad seems the clear solution to most situations of insomnia and, the greatest part of Diavad is that it doesn’t have any bad side effects and is completely safe. If you really take the time to think about it and do a little research, you will find that Diavad is really the best solution to most of your insomnia problems. It is a great benefit to all people who suffer from sleeplessness that Diavad is finally here to solve their night time problems!

Biloba Ginkgo Information

admin — Sun, 30 Nov 2008 18:16:02 +0000

Biloba ginkgo herb is extracted from one of the oldest trees in the world, the ginkgo tree. This tree first appeared in very early historical times. It is a living fossil as Charles Darwin labeled it.

The positive effects of ginkgo biloba is well-documented. 300 clinical studies were conducted in a span of 30 years to prove the effects of ginkgo biloba to the body.

Biloba ginkgo information could be availed of anytime and anywhere on the internet. The internet has become a veritable source of biloba ginkgo info. The history of the tree is really quite interesting.

The information provided under this topic apparently traces its existence over 150 million years ago. Until ginkgo biloba trees were eradicated 7 million years ago in the United States and 3 million years ago in Europe. Thanks to the efforts of Engelbert Kaempfer, a botanist from Germany, ginkgo biloba tree was found again in 1690 in the pagoda of Chinas imperial gardens. He compiled a book describing and dishing out information in Amoenitatum exoticarum (1712) while he was in Japan.

Resources reveal that ginkgo has two groups of active substances, flavonoids and terpene lactones, including ginkgolides A, B, and C, bilobalide, quercetin, and kaempferol. The ginkgolides have been shown as being able to control allergic inflammation, anaphylactic shock and asthma. Resources further reveal that ginkgo has powerful antioxidants which counter the effects of free radicals that are believed to be the cause of premature aging and dementia, these antioxidants can protect the eyes for sharper vision, cardiovascular system and central reveal nervous system.

Much of the biloba ginkgo information that is circulated today focuses on the trees medicinal value. Info about the many ailments biloba ginkgo supplement has cured also abound. Information ranging from its positive effects to its possible side effects is also readily available over the internet. Biloba ginkgo information gathered from 30 years of extensive research give clinical evidence that it can prevent and solve many bodily afflictions. Its positive effects to the body include treating a variety of neurological disorders and circulation inefficiencies.

Its possible side effects include negative interaction with several medications such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors or andit-depressant drugs, anticoagulants or antiplatelet therapy, warfarin and trazodone.

Biloba ginkgo articles serve as a guide for you to benefit from and are essential in weighing your options and making an informed choice on whether it is necessary for you to take ginkgo biloba extracts or refrain to from it.

ArticleSource: ArticlesAlley.com

Types of Antedepressants

admin — Sat, 29 Nov 2008 10:01:02 +0000

Antedepressants are basically a class of medicines for the treatment of depression. They generally changes the composition of neurotransmitters in the brain. Antdepressants can be classified on the basis of how they affect the chemicals presents in our body, which are the main cause of depression. On the basis of these chemicals, the antedepressants can be classified in the following classes: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): One of the main causes of depression is the reduction of the serotonin, which are consumed by presynaptic neuron. Serotonin is used by brain to send the signals to neurons. SSRIs prevent the consumption of serotonin, and thus maintain high level of serotonin. SSRIs include fluoxetine, paroxetine, escitalopram, citalopram and sertraline. Herbal Remedy increases its production in the body and thus reduces depression. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MOI): MOIs reduce the depression by blocking the monoamine oxidase enzyme. MOIs are effective in the treatment of depression they have some serious side effects. The individuals taking MOIs have to be careful with their diet and avoid the intake of alcohol. Augmenter drugs: These drugs are the combinations of one or more drugs such as tryptophan, buspirone and tranquillizers, sedatives. Tranquillizers and sedatives are helpful in curing anxiety, but they are addictive. Therefore, they are rarely used. Newer mechanisms: There are five antepressants, which can not be included in any of the above categories. These antepressants are as follows: Bupropion: It is used in the treatment of severe and seasonal depressions. It should not be used in case of epilepsy and eating disorders. It should not be prescribed to individuals less than 24 years of age as it increases the suicidal attempts. Nefazodone: It is helpful in curing depression, but is harmful for the liver. The continued use of nefazodone can lead to liver ttransplant or even death in some cases. Venlafaxine: It is used in the treatment of anxiety disorders, panic disorder and clinical depression. However, it also has side effects, which includes the attempt to suicide by the individual. Mirtazapine: It is used in the treatment of moderate as well as severe depression. The side effects of mirtazapine is drowsiness and weight gain. It is safe even if it is overdosed. Trazodone: It is used in the treatment of anxiety depression. It can also be used in panic and eating disorders. It should not be prescribed to children below 18 years of age as it can lead to suicidal attempts.

Herbal remedy balances the production of antedepressants in the human body. These Natural herbal supplements have an advantage over allopathic treatment as the patient does not become addictive to it.